:root {
  --ucla-blue: #2774ae;
  --ucla-gold: #ffd100;
  --ink: #182033;
  --muted: #5e6a78;
  --line: #dce4ec;
  --paper: #ffffff;
  --wash: #f4f7fa;
  --mint: #2d9c96;
  --coral: #c85f45;
  --violet: #7257a7;
  --shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(24, 32, 51, 0.12);
  --max: 1180px;
}

*,
*::before,
*::after {
  box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
  scroll-behavior: smooth;
}

body {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--paper);
  font-family: ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", sans-serif;
  font-size: 16px;
  line-height: 1.6;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

body.nav-open {
  overflow: hidden;
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-thickness: 0.08em;
  text-underline-offset: 0.2em;
}

img {
  display: block;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.skip-link {
  position: fixed;
  top: 12px;
  left: 12px;
  z-index: 1000;
  transform: translateY(-140%);
  padding: 10px 14px;
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  border-radius: 6px;
}

.skip-link:focus {
  transform: translateY(0);
}

.site-header {
  position: fixed;
  top: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  z-index: 20;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
  gap: 24px;
  min-height: 76px;
  padding: 14px max(24px, calc((100vw - var(--max)) / 2));
  color: var(--ink);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.88);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(220, 228, 236, 0.86);
  backdrop-filter: blur(18px);
}

.brand {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
  min-width: 0;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.brand-mark {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  flex: 0 0 42px;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ucla-gold);
  border: 2px solid var(--ucla-blue);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.brand strong,
.brand small {
  display: block;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.brand strong {
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.1;
}

.brand small {
  margin-top: 3px;
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 0.78rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.site-nav {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 8px;
}

.site-nav a {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 42px;
  padding: 8px 12px;
  color: var(--ink);
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 0.94rem;
  font-weight: 700;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus-visible {
  background: rgba(39, 116, 174, 0.1);
  outline: none;
}

.nav-toggle {
  display: none;
  width: 44px;
  height: 44px;
  padding: 10px;
  background: var(--paper);
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.nav-toggle span {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: 2px;
  margin: 5px 0;
  background: var(--ink);
  border-radius: 2px;
}

.hero {
  position: relative;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  min-height: 84vh;
  padding: 130px max(24px, calc((100vw - var(--max)) / 2)) 76px;
  overflow: hidden;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, #ffffff 0%, #ffffff 42%, #edf6fb 68%, #d7eef8 100%);
}

.hero::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  height: 9px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--ucla-gold), var(--ucla-blue), var(--mint));
}

.hero-image {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.99) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.96) 42%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.74) 65%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2) 100%),
    url("../images/louis-bouchard-portrait.jpg");
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-size: auto 100%;
  background-position: right center;
}

.hero-content {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(650px, 100%);
}

.eyebrow,
.section-kicker,
.tag {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  font-size: 0.8rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  line-height: 1.35;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.eyebrow {
  padding: 8px 0;
  color: #245f8f;
}

h1,
h2,
h3,
p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

h1,
h2,
h3 {
  line-height: 1.08;
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

h1 {
  max-width: 700px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  font-size: 4.6rem;
  font-weight: 900;
}

h2 {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  font-size: 2.45rem;
  font-weight: 860;
}

h3 {
  margin-bottom: 10px;
  font-size: 1.16rem;
  font-weight: 820;
}

.hero-lede {
  max-width: 640px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  color: #354356;
  font-size: 1.25rem;
  line-height: 1.55;
}

.hero-actions,
.publication-links,
.site-footer p:last-child {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 12px;
}

.button {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 46px;
  padding: 12px 18px;
  border: 1px solid transparent;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 850;
  line-height: 1.2;
  text-decoration: none;
}

.button-primary {
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ucla-blue);
  box-shadow: 0 12px 26px rgba(39, 116, 174, 0.22);
}

.button-primary:hover,
.button-primary:focus-visible {
  background: #1f5f91;
  outline: none;
}

.button-secondary {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.72);
  border-color: rgba(24, 32, 51, 0.18);
}

.button-secondary:hover,
.button-secondary:focus-visible {
  background: var(--paper);
  border-color: var(--ucla-blue);
  outline: none;
}

.signal-strip {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  gap: 1px;
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: -34px auto 0;
  padding: 0 24px;
  position: relative;
  z-index: 2;
}

.signal-strip div {
  min-height: 116px;
  padding: 24px;
  background: var(--ink);
  color: var(--paper);
}

.signal-strip div:first-child {
  border-radius: 8px 0 0 8px;
}

.signal-strip div:last-child {
  border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;
}

.signal-strip strong,
.signal-strip span {
  display: block;
}

.signal-strip strong {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--ucla-gold);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.signal-strip span {
  color: #d8e6ef;
  font-size: 0.98rem;
}

.section {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 86px 24px;
}

.intro-grid,
.section-heading,
.student-panel {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.92fr) minmax(0, 1.08fr);
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: start;
}

.section-heading {
  margin-bottom: 34px;
}

.section-heading p,
.intro-copy p,
.student-copy p {
  color: var(--muted);
  font-size: 1.05rem;
}

.intro-copy p:last-child,
.student-copy p:last-child,
.section-heading p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.research-section,
.publications-section,
.contact-section {
  border-top: 1px solid var(--line);
}

.research-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.research-card,
.project-card,
.person-card,
.contact-block {
  min-width: 0;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.research-card {
  min-height: 270px;
  padding: 24px;
}

.research-card:nth-child(2n) {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--ucla-blue);
}

.research-card:nth-child(2n + 1) {
  border-top: 5px solid var(--ucla-gold);
}

.research-card:nth-child(3n) {
  border-top-color: var(--mint);
}

.tag {
  margin-bottom: 14px;
}

.research-card p,
.project-card p,
.person-card p,
.contact-block p,
.publication-item p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.project-section,
.people-section,
.student-section {
  max-width: none;
  background: var(--wash);
}

.project-section > *,
.people-section > *,
.student-section > * {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.project-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.project-card {
  min-height: 230px;
  padding: 26px;
  background: var(--paper);
  box-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(24, 32, 51, 0.04);
}

.project-number {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ucla-blue);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.project-card:nth-child(2) .project-number {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ucla-gold);
}

.project-card:nth-child(3) .project-number {
  background: var(--violet);
}

.publication-links {
  justify-content: flex-start;
}

.publication-links a,
.site-footer a {
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.publication-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 12px;
}

.publication-scroll {
  max-height: 680px;
  overflow-y: auto;
  padding-right: 10px;
  overscroll-behavior: contain;
  scrollbar-color: var(--ucla-blue) var(--wash);
  scrollbar-width: thin;
}

.publication-scroll:focus-visible {
  outline: 3px solid rgba(39, 116, 174, 0.35);
  outline-offset: 6px;
}

.publication-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {
  width: 10px;
}

.publication-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-track {
  background: var(--wash);
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.publication-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
  background: var(--ucla-blue);
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.publication-item {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 78px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  align-items: start;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 1px solid var(--line);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.publication-item h3 {
  margin-bottom: 7px;
  font-size: 1.06rem;
  line-height: 1.28;
}

.publication-item h3 a {
  color: var(--ink);
  text-decoration: none;
}

.publication-item h3 a:hover,
.publication-item h3 a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  text-decoration: underline;
}

.pub-year {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  min-height: 36px;
  padding: 6px 8px;
  color: var(--ink);
  background: #fff5be;
  border: 1px solid #f2dc66;
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.people-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.person-card {
  display: flex;
  min-height: 0;
  padding: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
  flex-direction: column;
  background: var(--paper);
}

.person-photo {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  height: auto;
  aspect-ratio: 1;
  object-fit: cover;
  background: #dce5e8;
}

.person-photo-louis {
  object-position: center 31%;
}

.person-photo-lissy {
  object-position: center 34%;
}

.person-photo-nicole {
  object-position: center 30%;
}

.person-photo-yongjin {
  object-position: center 34%;
}

.person-details {
  display: flex;
  flex: 1;
  padding: 22px;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.person-details h3 {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.person-card .person-role {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  font-size: 0.76rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.person-details > a {
  margin-top: auto;
  padding-top: 18px;
}

.featured-person {
  border-color: rgba(39, 116, 174, 0.35);
  box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.placeholder {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(39, 116, 174, 0.07), rgba(255, 209, 0, 0.08)),
    var(--paper);
}

.person-initials {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 58px;
  height: 58px;
  margin-bottom: 22px;
  color: var(--paper);
  background: var(--ink);
  border-radius: 8px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.featured-person .person-initials {
  color: var(--ink);
  background: var(--ucla-gold);
}

.person-card a {
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  font-weight: 800;
}

.student-panel {
  padding: 38px;
  color: var(--paper);
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(24, 32, 51, 0.96), rgba(39, 116, 174, 0.92)),
    var(--ink);
  border-radius: 8px;
}

.student-panel h2,
.student-panel p {
  color: var(--paper);
}

.student-panel .section-kicker {
  color: var(--ucla-gold);
}

.student-copy {
  display: grid;
  gap: 22px;
  justify-items: start;
}

.contact-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 18px;
}

.contact-block {
  min-height: 160px;
  padding: 24px;
}

.contact-block a {
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  font-weight: 850;
}

.site-footer {
  padding: 34px max(24px, calc((100vw - var(--max)) / 2));
  color: #dbe6ef;
  background: var(--ink);
}

.site-footer p {
  max-width: 920px;
  margin-bottom: 14px;
  font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.site-footer p:last-child {
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.site-footer a {
  color: var(--ucla-gold);
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .site-header {
    min-height: 70px;
  }

  .nav-toggle {
    display: inline-block;
  }

  .site-nav {
    position: fixed;
    top: 70px;
    right: 16px;
    left: 16px;
    display: grid;
    gap: 4px;
    padding: 14px;
    background: var(--paper);
    border: 1px solid var(--line);
    border-radius: 8px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transform: translateY(-18px);
    opacity: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    transition: opacity 150ms ease, transform 150ms ease;
  }

  body.nav-open .site-nav {
    transform: translateY(0);
    opacity: 1;
    pointer-events: auto;
  }

  .site-nav a {
    min-height: 48px;
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: 80vh;
    padding-top: 116px;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 3.5rem;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: 2.05rem;
  }

  .signal-strip,
  .research-grid,
  .project-grid,
  .people-grid,
  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .signal-strip div:first-child {
    border-radius: 8px 0 0 0;
  }

  .signal-strip div:nth-child(2) {
    border-radius: 0 8px 0 0;
  }

  .signal-strip div:last-child {
    grid-column: 1 / -1;
    border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
  }

  .intro-grid,
  .section-heading,
  .student-panel {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 22px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  .site-header {
    padding-right: 16px;
    padding-left: 16px;
  }

  .brand small {
    display: none;
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: 76vh;
    padding: 104px 18px 64px;
    background: #ffffff;
  }

  .hero-image {
    background-image:
      linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.98) 0%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.94) 56%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.58) 100%),
      url("../images/louis-bouchard-portrait.jpg");
    background-size: auto 100%;
    background-position: 74% center;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 2.65rem;
  }

  h2 {
    font-size: 1.72rem;
  }

  .hero-lede {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
  }

  .section {
    padding: 64px 18px;
  }

  .signal-strip {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    margin-top: -20px;
    padding: 0 18px;
  }

  .signal-strip div,
  .signal-strip div:first-child,
  .signal-strip div:nth-child(2),
  .signal-strip div:last-child {
    grid-column: auto;
    border-radius: 0;
  }

  .signal-strip div:first-child {
    border-radius: 8px 8px 0 0;
  }

  .signal-strip div:last-child {
    border-radius: 0 0 8px 8px;
  }

  .research-grid,
  .project-grid,
  .people-grid,
  .contact-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .publication-item {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 12px;
  }

  .pub-year {
    width: 78px;
  }

  .student-panel {
    padding: 26px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  *,
  *::before,
  *::after {
    scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    transition: none !important;
  }
}

/* Future-facing visual system */
:root {
  --ink: #08111f;
  --ink-2: #101d2f;
  --panel: #132237;
  --muted: #5d6876;
  --line: rgba(125, 153, 178, 0.24);
  --paper: #fbfdff;
  --wash: #eef4f7;
  --electric: #45d6ff;
  --signal: #70e0c5;
  --shadow: 0 24px 70px rgba(4, 14, 26, 0.18);
}

body {
  color: #142034;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, #08111f 0, #0d1b2b 540px, #f7fafc 540px, #f7fafc 100%);
}

body::before {
  content: "";
  position: fixed;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: -1;
  pointer-events: none;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.045) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.045) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 44px 44px;
  mask-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0, transparent 620px);
}

.site-header {
  color: #f7fbff;
  background: rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.74);
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(150, 198, 225, 0.18);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 36px rgba(3, 10, 20, 0.2);
}

.site-header.is-scrolled {
  background: rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.92);
}

.brand-mark {
  color: #061321;
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.32);
  box-shadow: 0 0 0 5px rgba(255, 209, 0, 0.1);
}

.brand small,
.site-nav a {
  color: rgba(244, 249, 253, 0.78);
}

.brand strong {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.site-nav a:hover,
.site-nav a:focus-visible {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.12);
}

.nav-toggle {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.18);
}

.nav-toggle span {
  background: #ffffff;
}

.hero {
  min-height: 92vh;
  color: #ffffff;
  background:
    linear-gradient(115deg, #07111f 0%, #0d1f33 42%, #172b40 100%);
}

.hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  z-index: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background:
    repeating-linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035) 0 1px, transparent 1px 13px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(8, 17, 31, 0.2), rgba(8, 17, 31, 0));
  mix-blend-mode: screen;
}

.hero::after {
  height: 5px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--ucla-gold), var(--electric), var(--signal));
  box-shadow: 0 0 28px rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.48);
}

.hero-image {
  opacity: 0.78;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.98) 0%, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.88) 36%, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.54) 64%, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.12) 100%),
    url("../images/louis-bouchard-portrait.jpg");
  background-size: auto 112%;
  background-position: right center;
  filter: saturate(0.88) contrast(1.02);
}

.hero-visual {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 76px 0 0 auto;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(56vw, 720px);
  pointer-events: none;
}

.field-grid {
  position: absolute;
  inset: 11% 8% 18% 22%;
  border: 1px solid rgba(112, 224, 197, 0.18);
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(112, 224, 197, 0.16) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(112, 224, 197, 0.12) 1px, transparent 1px);
  background-size: 34px 34px;
  transform: perspective(900px) rotateY(-22deg) rotateX(8deg);
  opacity: 0.48;
}

.signal-trace {
  position: absolute;
  right: 7%;
  left: 20%;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.85), transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.45);
}

.trace-a {
  top: 30%;
}

.trace-b {
  top: 63%;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, rgba(255, 209, 0, 0.7), transparent);
  box-shadow: 0 0 18px rgba(255, 209, 0, 0.28);
}

.spectrum-stack {
  position: absolute;
  right: 7%;
  bottom: 14%;
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(8, 1fr);
  align-items: end;
  gap: 8px;
  width: 220px;
  height: 96px;
  padding: 14px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.16);
  background: rgba(8, 17, 31, 0.44);
  backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
}

.spectrum-stack span {
  display: block;
  height: var(--level);
  min-height: 12px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--ucla-gold), var(--electric));
  box-shadow: 0 0 12px rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.35);
}

.hero-content {
  z-index: 2;
  width: min(680px, 100%);
}

.eyebrow,
.section-kicker,
.tag {
  color: var(--electric);
}

.hero .eyebrow {
  color: var(--ucla-gold);
}

h1 {
  font-size: clamp(3rem, 7vw, 6.3rem);
  letter-spacing: 0;
}

.hero-lede {
  color: rgba(244, 250, 255, 0.84);
  font-size: 1.32rem;
}

.button {
  border-radius: 7px;
  transition: transform 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease, background 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease;
}

.button:hover,
.button:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.button-primary {
  color: #061321;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ucla-gold), #ffe77a);
  box-shadow: 0 16px 34px rgba(255, 209, 0, 0.18);
}

.button-primary:hover,
.button-primary:focus-visible {
  color: #061321;
  background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffe476, var(--ucla-gold));
}

.button-secondary {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08);
  border-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.22);
}

.button-secondary:hover,
.button-secondary:focus-visible {
  color: #ffffff;
  background: rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.13);
  border-color: rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.48);
}

.signal-strip {
  gap: 0;
}

.signal-strip div {
  background: rgba(9, 20, 36, 0.96);
  border: 1px solid rgba(120, 178, 205, 0.18);
  box-shadow: 0 22px 46px rgba(2, 10, 20, 0.22);
}

.signal-strip strong {
  color: var(--ucla-gold);
}

.signal-strip span {
  color: rgba(237, 248, 255, 0.78);
}

.intro-section {
  padding-top: 110px;
}

.intro-section,
.publications-section,
.contact-section {
  background: #fbfdff;
}

.research-section {
  position: relative;
  max-width: none;
  color: #f5fbff;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(8, 17, 31, 0.98), rgba(12, 31, 49, 0.98)),
    #08111f;
  border-top: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-section::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  pointer-events: none;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.07) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.05) 1px, transparent 1px),
    repeating-linear-gradient(90deg, transparent 0 78px, rgba(255, 209, 0, 0.055) 78px 80px, transparent 80px 156px);
  background-size: 38px 38px, 38px 38px, auto;
  opacity: 0.72;
}

.research-section > * {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin-right: auto;
  margin-left: auto;
}

.research-section .section-heading h2,
.student-panel h2,
.site-footer h2 {
  color: #ffffff;
}

.research-section .section-heading p {
  color: rgba(226, 241, 250, 0.75);
}

.research-console {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(280px, 0.72fr) minmax(0, 1.28fr);
  gap: 20px;
}

.research-overview-grid {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(0, 1fr));
  gap: 16px;
}

.research-card {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  min-height: 250px;
  padding: 22px;
  color: rgba(237, 249, 255, 0.82);
  text-decoration: none;
  background:
    linear-gradient(160deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.095), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035)),
    rgba(9, 22, 38, 0.82);
  border: 1px solid rgba(141, 199, 224, 0.22);
  border-radius: 8px;
  overflow: hidden;
  transition: transform 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease, background 160ms ease;
}

.research-card::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: 18px;
  bottom: 18px;
  width: 72px;
  height: 2px;
  background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(69, 214, 255, 0), rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.78));
}

.research-card:hover,
.research-card:focus-visible {
  transform: translateY(-4px);
  background:
    linear-gradient(160deg, rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.14), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.05)),
    rgba(9, 22, 38, 0.9);
  border-color: rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.62);
  outline: none;
}

.research-card span {
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  margin-bottom: 36px;
  color: #061321;
  background: var(--ucla-gold);
  border-radius: 7px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.research-card h3 {
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 1.38rem;
  line-height: 1.16;
}

.research-card p {
  margin-bottom: 0;
  color: rgba(237, 249, 255, 0.72);
}

.research-page-main {
  background: #fbfdff;
}

.research-page-hero {
  position: relative;
  display: grid;
  align-items: end;
  min-height: 540px;
  padding: 148px 24px 86px;
  color: #ffffff;
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.96), rgba(10, 39, 60, 0.92)),
    #08111f;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.research-page-hero::before {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  inset: 0;
  background-image:
    linear-gradient(rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.07) 1px, transparent 1px),
    linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.055) 1px, transparent 1px),
    radial-gradient(circle at 80% 20%, rgba(255, 209, 0, 0.18), transparent 26%);
  background-size: 42px 42px, 42px 42px, auto;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.research-page-hero > div {
  position: relative;
  z-index: 1;
  width: min(100%, var(--max));
  margin: 0 auto;
}

.research-page-hero h1 {
  max-width: 900px;
  color: #ffffff;
}

.research-page-hero p:not(.eyebrow) {
  max-width: 760px;
  color: rgba(237, 249, 255, 0.78);
  font-size: 1.17rem;
}

.research-detail-section {
  max-width: var(--max);
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 84px 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(113, 141, 165, 0.2);
}

.research-detail-layout {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(260px, 0.8fr) minmax(0, 1.2fr);
  gap: 56px;
  align-items: start;
}

.research-page-hero > div,
.research-detail-layout > *,
.research-method-list,
.research-method-list div {
  min-width: 0;
  max-width: 100%;
}

.research-detail-layout h2 {
  margin-bottom: 18px;
}

.research-page-hero h1,
.research-detail-layout h2,
.research-detail-layout .section-kicker,
.research-detail-layout .research-question,
.research-method-list dd {
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

.research-detail-layout .research-question {
  color: var(--muted);
}

.research-method-list {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  margin: 0;
}

.research-method-list div {
  padding: 20px;
  background: #ffffff;
  border: 1px solid rgba(113, 141, 165, 0.22);
  border-radius: 8px;
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(19, 34, 55, 0.06);
}

.research-method-list dt {
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  letter-spacing: 0.04em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-method-list dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--muted);
}

.paper-links a {
  color: var(--ucla-blue);
  font-weight: 760;
  text-decoration-thickness: 0.09em;
}

.paper-links a:hover,
.paper-links a:focus-visible {
  color: #0f4f81;
  outline: none;
}

.research-topics {
  display: grid;
  gap: 10px;
}

.research-topic {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 44px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 6px 14px;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 82px;
  padding: 16px;
  color: rgba(236, 247, 255, 0.82);
  text-align: left;
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.055);
  border: 1px solid rgba(141, 199, 224, 0.18);
  border-radius: 8px;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: transform 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease, background 160ms ease;
}

.research-topic:hover,
.research-topic:focus-visible,
.research-topic.is-active {
  transform: translateX(4px);
  background: rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.11);
  border-color: rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.62);
  outline: none;
}

.research-topic span {
  grid-row: 1 / 3;
  display: grid;
  place-items: center;
  width: 42px;
  height: 42px;
  color: #061321;
  background: var(--ucla-gold);
  border-radius: 7px;
  font-weight: 900;
}

.research-topic strong,
.research-topic small {
  display: block;
  min-width: 0;
}

.research-topic strong {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: 1rem;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.research-topic small {
  color: rgba(236, 247, 255, 0.62);
  font-size: 0.85rem;
  line-height: 1.35;
}

.research-readout {
  min-height: 548px;
  padding: 30px;
  border: 1px solid rgba(141, 199, 224, 0.24);
  border-radius: 8px;
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.08), rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.035)),
    rgba(9, 22, 38, 0.9);
  box-shadow: 0 28px 80px rgba(1, 9, 20, 0.32);
}

.research-detail {
  animation: readout-in 180ms ease-out;
}

@keyframes readout-in {
  from {
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(8px);
  }

  to {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
  }
}

.research-detail h3 {
  max-width: 720px;
  margin-top: 12px;
  margin-bottom: 18px;
  color: #ffffff;
  font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 3vw, 3.1rem);
}

.research-question {
  max-width: 760px;
  margin-bottom: 30px;
  color: rgba(237, 249, 255, 0.82);
  font-size: 1.12rem;
}

.research-detail dl {
  display: grid;
  gap: 14px;
  margin: 0;
}

.research-detail dl div {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 160px minmax(0, 1fr);
  gap: 18px;
  padding: 16px 0;
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(141, 199, 224, 0.18);
}

.research-detail dt {
  color: var(--ucla-gold);
  font-size: 0.82rem;
  font-weight: 900;
  text-transform: uppercase;
}

.research-detail dd {
  margin: 0;
  color: rgba(237, 249, 255, 0.75);
}

.project-section,
.people-section,
.student-section {
  background:
    linear-gradient(180deg, #eef4f7, #f7fafc);
}

.project-card,
.person-card,
.contact-block,
.publication-item {
  border-color: rgba(113, 141, 165, 0.22);
  box-shadow: 0 10px 30px rgba(19, 34, 55, 0.06);
  transition: transform 160ms ease, box-shadow 160ms ease, border-color 160ms ease;
}

.project-card:hover,
.person-card:hover,
.contact-block:hover {
  transform: translateY(-3px);
  border-color: rgba(39, 116, 174, 0.34);
  box-shadow: 0 18px 45px rgba(19, 34, 55, 0.1);
}

.publication-scroll {
  border: 1px solid rgba(113, 141, 165, 0.18);
  border-radius: 8px;
  padding: 14px 14px 14px 14px;
  background: linear-gradient(180deg, #ffffff, #f8fbfd);
  box-shadow: inset 0 -22px 24px rgba(8, 17, 31, 0.03);
}

.publication-item {
  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.86);
}

.student-panel {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(8, 17, 31, 0.96), rgba(22, 57, 86, 0.96)),
    var(--ink);
  box-shadow: 0 28px 70px rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.22);
}

.site-footer {
  background:
    linear-gradient(135deg, #08111f, #111f32);
  border-top: 1px solid rgba(69, 214, 255, 0.16);
}

@media (max-width: 980px) {
  .site-nav {
    background: rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.96);
    border-color: rgba(150, 198, 225, 0.18);
  }

  .hero-visual {
    width: 70vw;
    opacity: 0.64;
  }

  .research-console {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-topics {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .research-overview-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, minmax(0, 1fr));
  }

  .research-readout {
    min-height: 0;
  }

  .research-detail-layout {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 28px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 680px) {
  body {
    background:
      linear-gradient(180deg, #08111f 0, #0d1b2b 500px, #f7fafc 500px, #f7fafc 100%);
  }

  .hero {
    min-height: 78vh;
    color: #ffffff;
    background: #08111f;
  }

  .hero-image {
    opacity: 0.7;
    background-image:
      linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.98) 0%, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.86) 56%, rgba(7, 17, 31, 0.58) 100%),
      url("../images/louis-bouchard-portrait.jpg");
    background-position: 76% center;
  }

  .hero-visual {
    display: none;
  }

  h1 {
    font-size: 2.78rem;
  }

  .research-topics {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-topic {
    min-height: 76px;
  }

  .research-overview-grid {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  }

  .research-card {
    min-height: 220px;
  }

  .research-page-hero {
    min-height: 500px;
    padding-top: 132px;
  }

  .research-readout {
    padding: 22px;
  }

  .research-detail dl div {
    grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    gap: 7px;
  }

  .publication-scroll {
    max-height: 620px;
    padding: 10px;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 420px) {
  .research-page-hero,
  .research-detail-section {
    padding-right: 16px;
    padding-left: 16px;
  }

  .research-page-hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.24rem;
  }

  .research-method-list div {
    padding: 16px;
  }
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .research-detail {
    animation: none;
  }
}